There’s nothing quite like the sinking feeling when your air conditioner gives out in July or your furnace quits in the middle of a cold snap. You need a solution, and you need it fast, but the uncertainty around the price can add a lot of stress. If you’re trying to figure out the cost to install hvac system with ductwork on short notice, you’ve come to the right place. We’ll provide a clear breakdown of typical price ranges, explain the hidden costs you should budget for, and give you the information you need to evaluate quotes and choose a reliable contractor without feeling rushed or pressured.
Key Takeaways
- Look at the Full Picture, Not Just the Price Tag: Your total investment includes the HVAC unit, ductwork, labor, and potential hidden costs like permits or electrical upgrades. A detailed quote is essential for creating a realistic budget and avoiding surprises.
- Balance Upfront Cost with Long-Term Value: While high-efficiency systems have a higher initial price, they can significantly lower your monthly energy bills. Choosing the right system means weighing the immediate expense against years of potential savings.
- The Right Installer is as Important as the Right System: A premium HVAC unit will fail to perform if installed poorly. Protect your investment by hiring a licensed, insured, and experienced contractor who can guarantee their work and ensure your system runs efficiently for years.
How Much Does a New HVAC System with Ductwork Cost?
Thinking about a new HVAC system is a big deal, and let’s be honest, the first question on everyone’s mind is, “How much is this going to cost?” The answer isn’t a single number, because the final price depends on your home’s specific needs, the type of system you choose, and the complexity of the installation. But you don’t have to go in blind. Understanding the key components of the total cost will help you budget effectively and make a confident decision for your home or business.
The total investment includes the HVAC unit itself and the ductwork that distributes the conditioned air. If you’re building a new property or your existing ducts are in bad shape, you’ll need to factor in the cost of a complete duct system. For many, this is the most significant part of the project besides the unit itself. We’ll walk through the typical costs for both so you can get a clearer picture of what to expect for your residential HVAC project.
Breaking Down Costs by System Size
The size of your HVAC system, measured in tons, is one of the biggest factors in its price. A “ton” doesn’t refer to weight; it measures the system’s ability to cool your space. A larger home requires a larger system. For example, a standard 3-ton system, which is common for many mid-sized homes, typically costs between $9,500 and $13,500 for the unit and installation. To give you a better idea, a smaller 2-ton system might range from $8,000 to $12,000, while a larger 4-ton system could be between $11,500 and $15,500. Getting the right size is crucial for both comfort and efficiency.
The Price of New Ductwork
If your project requires new ductwork, this will be a separate and significant line item on your quote. The cost for new duct installation is often calculated per ton of your HVAC system’s capacity. You can generally expect to budget between $2,000 and $3,000 per ton for new ductwork. So, for that 3-ton system we mentioned earlier, you would add another $6,000 to $9,000 to your total project cost. This price covers the materials and the labor required to design and install a network of ducts that efficiently delivers air to every room. Proper installation is key to getting the performance you pay for from your new system.
What to Expect for a Total Project Cost
When you combine the cost of the HVAC unit with new ductwork, you get your total project cost. As you can see, the price can vary quite a bit. A full ductwork installation or replacement can range anywhere from $1,500 to over $20,000, depending on the size of your property and the complexity of the job. It’s also smart to budget for related tasks, like removing old ducts and repairing any drywall or ceilings that need to be opened up for access. The best way to get a precise number is to schedule an evaluation. A virtual Tele-Tech appointment can be a great first step to discuss your options.
What Factors Influence Your HVAC Installation Cost?
Figuring out the price of a new HVAC system isn’t as simple as picking a model off a shelf. Several key factors come together to determine your final quote. Understanding these variables will help you set a realistic budget and make informed decisions when you’re ready to invest in a new system for your home or business. From the size of your space to the condition of your existing ductwork, let’s walk through the main elements that shape the total cost.
Your Home’s Size and Layout
The size and layout of your property are the starting point for any HVAC installation. A larger home with multiple stories and an open floor plan requires a more powerful system to heat and cool the space effectively compared to a smaller, single-level house. An undersized unit will struggle to keep up, running constantly and driving up your energy bills, while an oversized unit will cycle on and off too frequently, leading to poor humidity control and unnecessary wear and tear. A professional technician will perform a load calculation to determine the right-sized system for your home’s specific needs, ensuring you get efficient and consistent comfort.
System Type and Efficiency
The type of HVAC system you choose plays a huge role in the overall cost. Options range from traditional central air conditioners and furnaces to all-in-one heat pumps and ductless mini-splits. Beyond the type, the system’s efficiency rating is a major price factor. Efficiency is measured by ratings like SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) for air conditioners. While a unit with a higher SEER rating has a higher upfront cost, it can lead to significant savings on your monthly energy bills. It’s a balancing act between the initial investment and long-term operating costs, and we can help you find the right fit for your residential heating and cooling needs.
The Condition of Your Ductwork
Your ductwork is the circulatory system for your HVAC, and its condition is critical. If you’re installing a system in a home without existing ducts, the cost of designing and installing a new network will be a significant part of your budget. If you have existing ductwork, it needs a thorough inspection. Old, leaky, or poorly insulated ducts can lose a lot of heated or cooled air, forcing your new, efficient system to work harder than it should. In some cases, you may need a full replacement if the ducts are badly damaged or have mold. Repairing or replacing ductwork ensures your new system operates at peak efficiency from day one.
Labor and Installation Complexity
Labor costs are another key piece of the puzzle. A straightforward installation in an easily accessible space will cost less than a complex one that requires working in tight attics, crawlspaces, or navigating around existing structures. The complexity of the job directly impacts the time and effort required from the installation team. Factors like whether new electrical wiring or refrigerant lines are needed also contribute to the labor cost. This is why an on-site evaluation is so important. It allows a technician to assess the unique challenges of your property and provide an accurate quote that covers all aspects of the installation process.
Local Permits and Regulations
Finally, most HVAC installations require permits from your local municipality to ensure the work meets safety and building codes. The cost of these permits can vary depending on where you live but is a necessary part of the budget. A reputable contractor will handle the entire permitting process for you, from filing the paperwork to scheduling the final inspection. This ensures your new system is installed correctly and safely, giving you peace of mind. Factoring in permit fees from the start helps avoid any surprise costs later on and guarantees your project is fully compliant with local regulations.
Which HVAC System Is Right for Your Budget?
Choosing a new HVAC system is a major home investment, and the price tag is often the first thing on everyone’s mind. The good news is that there’s a solution for nearly every budget. The key is to understand the upfront costs versus the long-term savings each type of system offers. From traditional central air to flexible ductless units, let’s break down the most common options so you can find the perfect fit for your home and your wallet.
Central Air Conditioners
If your home already has ductwork, a central air conditioner is often the most straightforward and cost-effective choice. These systems use your existing ducts to distribute cool air throughout the house, providing consistent comfort. For a home with ducts already in place, installing a new central AC unit typically costs between $5,000 and $12,000. This makes it a popular option for homeowners looking to upgrade their cooling system without the added expense and disruption of a major renovation. Our team specializes in residential HVAC solutions and can help you find a unit that fits your home perfectly.
Heat Pumps
Heat pumps are fantastic all-in-one systems that handle both heating and cooling. While they generally have higher upfront costs than a traditional AC unit, they can lead to significant savings on energy bills over time, especially in North Carolina’s moderate climate. Instead of creating heat, they move it—pulling heat from your home in the summer and drawing it inside during the winter. This incredible efficiency makes them an attractive long-term investment for homeowners focused on lowering their monthly utility expenses. Their versatility means you get two functions from a single, highly efficient piece of equipment.
Furnace and AC Combos
Is your furnace getting up there in age? If it’s over 15 years old, it might be time to consider replacing both your furnace and air conditioner at the same time. It’s often cheaper to replace both units together, with a combined installation in a mid-sized home costing around $7,000 to $15,000. This approach ensures that both components of your HVAC system are new, efficient, and perfectly matched for optimal performance. You’ll avoid the headache of another major replacement in a few years and can enjoy improved reliability and lower energy bills right away. Regular check-ups through a service maintenance program will keep your new combo system running smoothly for years.
Ductless Mini-Splits
For homes without existing ductwork, ductless mini-split systems are a game-changer. These systems use an outdoor compressor connected to one or more indoor air-handling units, allowing you to control the temperature in individual rooms or zones. This flexibility can lead to impressive energy savings since you’re not paying to cool or heat empty rooms. Ductless systems are an excellent solution for older homes, new additions, or even just a single room that’s always too hot or too cold. By avoiding the cost and complexity of installing a full duct system, they can be a much more affordable and efficient option.
Should You Replace or Repair Your Existing Ductwork?
When you’re planning for a new HVAC system, the ductwork that carries air throughout your home can feel like an afterthought. But these hidden channels are critical for efficiency and comfort. A brand-new, high-efficiency unit won’t perform well if it’s connected to old, leaky, or improperly sized ducts. This brings up a big question: should you repair what you have or start fresh with a full replacement? The right answer depends on the age, condition, and design of your current ductwork. Making the right choice can impact everything from your energy bills to your home’s air quality.
When to Repair Your Ductwork
If your ductwork is in generally good shape, a full replacement probably isn’t necessary. Minor issues can often be handled with simple repairs. Think small leaks at the seams, disconnected joints, or minor punctures. These problems can usually be sealed with professional-grade tape or mastic sealant, restoring airflow and efficiency without a major overhaul. Repair is also a great option if only a small, accessible section of your ductwork is damaged. As long as there isn’t widespread damage or mold growth, a targeted repair can be a cost-effective way to keep your residential HVAC system running smoothly and efficiently for years to come.
Signs You Need a Full Replacement
Sometimes, a simple patch-up job just won’t cut it. Ductwork has a typical lifespan of 10 to 25 years, and if yours is getting on in age, it’s time to consider a replacement. Telltale signs include visible mold, which can be a serious health hazard, or ducts that are severely tangled, crushed, or torn. You might also notice a significant increase in dust around your home, uneven temperatures from room to room, or strange noises coming from your walls. If you’re upgrading to a new, more powerful HVAC system, your old ducts might not be the right size to handle the airflow, making a replacement essential for optimal performance and energy savings.
Repair vs. Replacement: A Cost Comparison
Deciding between repair and replacement often comes down to budget. A simple repair, like sealing a few leaks, is far less expensive than a full replacement. However, investing in new ductwork can be a smart long-term financial move. While industry costs for a full replacement can range from $1,500 to over $20,000 depending on the size of your home, it can lead to significant savings on your monthly energy bills. When budgeting for a replacement, remember to account for the removal of old materials and any drywall repairs needed afterward. A great first step is a professional evaluation, and a virtual Tele-Tech appointment can help you get an expert opinion without the commitment of a full in-home visit.
Are There Hidden Costs to Budget For?
The quote you receive for your new HVAC system and ductwork is a great starting point, but it might not be the final number. Several factors can pop up during the installation process that can add to your total investment. Being aware of these potential expenses ahead of time helps you create a realistic budget and avoid any last-minute surprises. Think of it as planning for the “what-ifs” so you can move forward with confidence.
Electrical System Upgrades
A new, powerful HVAC system often requires more electrical support than your old one did. If you live in an older home, your current electrical panel might not be equipped to handle the load of a modern unit. An electrician may need to install a new circuit or even upgrade the entire panel to ensure the system runs safely and efficiently. It’s also a good time to check the condition of your ductwork, as it often has a similar lifespan to the HVAC unit itself and can impact overall performance.
Permit and Inspection Fees
Most cities and counties, including those in the Winston-Salem area, require permits for major HVAC work. This ensures the installation meets local building codes and safety standards. These permits and the subsequent inspections aren’t free, and the costs can sometimes add up to several hundred dollars or more. Always ask your contractor if permit and inspection fees are included in their initial quote. At QRC, we handle the permitting process for our clients to ensure every installation is fully compliant.
New Thermostats and Controls
Upgrading your HVAC system is the perfect opportunity to install a new thermostat. While a basic model is affordable, you might want to invest in a smart or programmable thermostat for better energy management and convenience. You could also consider more advanced upgrades like zoning systems, which allow you to control the temperature in different areas of your home independently. These additional features will add to the upfront cost but can lead to significant energy savings and personalized comfort down the road.
Insulation and Air Quality Add-Ons
The performance of your new HVAC system is directly tied to your home’s overall condition. If your attic has poor insulation or your existing ducts are leaky, your new system will have to work much harder to heat and cool your space. Replacing old or damaged ductwork can improve efficiency and lower your energy bills. You might also want to incorporate advanced indoor air quality solutions, such as whole-home air purifiers or humidifiers, to create a healthier living environment for your family.
Don’t Fall for These HVAC Cost Myths
When you’re facing a big investment like a new HVAC system, it’s easy to get tripped up by misinformation. Believing common myths about cost and installation can lead you down a path of overspending, poor performance, and future headaches. Let’s clear the air and debunk a few of the most common misconceptions so you can make a confident and informed decision for your home or business.
Myth #1: All HVAC Systems Cost the Same
This is a common assumption, but it’s far from the truth. HVAC systems are highly specific to the space they need to heat and cool. The cost varies widely based on the system’s size (tonnage), type (like a heat pump versus a furnace and AC combo), brand, and energy efficiency rating. Many homeowners are influenced by these common misconceptions, which can negatively impact system performance. Choosing a unit that’s too large or too small for your home won’t just be inefficient; it will struggle to maintain a comfortable temperature and wear out faster. A professional evaluation is key to finding the right fit for your specific residential heating and cooling needs.
Myth #2: A Higher Price Tag Always Means Higher Efficiency
While high-efficiency models often come with a higher initial price, cost alone doesn’t guarantee performance. Some common HVAC myths can lead to higher energy bills and inefficient systems if you’re not careful. The quality of the installation is just as important as the price tag. A premium unit installed incorrectly will perform worse than a standard model installed by a skilled technician. Factors like proper sizing, sealed ductwork, and correct refrigerant levels are what truly determine how efficiently your system will run. This is why investing in a quality installation and routine service maintenance programs is always a smart move.
Myth #3: DIY Installation Is a Smart Way to Save
The idea of saving on labor costs is tempting, but HVAC installation is a job best left to the pros. It involves complex electrical wiring, refrigerant handling (which requires certification), and specialized tools. A small mistake can have big consequences, from voiding your manufacturer’s warranty to creating serious safety hazards. Even something as simple as installing a thermostat in the wrong location can cause your HVAC system to run inefficiently and drive up your energy bills. Professional installation ensures your system is set up for optimal performance, safety, and longevity from the very beginning.
Myth #4: The First Quote Includes Everything
A low initial quote might look appealing, but it’s crucial to understand exactly what it covers. Some estimates leave out essential costs like permits, electrical upgrades, ductwork modifications, or the disposal of your old unit. A comprehensive quote should be itemized, detailing all parts, labor, and any additional work required to complete the job correctly. To get a clear picture of the total investment, consider scheduling a Virtual Tele-Tech appointment to discuss your needs. This ensures there are no surprises and that you’re comparing apples to apples when looking at different proposals.
How Can You Save Money on Your HVAC Installation?
A new HVAC system is a major investment, but it doesn’t have to break the bank. With a bit of planning and smart decision-making, you can manage the costs effectively while still getting a high-quality, reliable system. The key is to think beyond the initial price tag and consider the long-term value of your investment. From timing your purchase to taking advantage of available incentives, there are several practical steps you can take to make your new HVAC installation more affordable. Let’s walk through some of the best ways to save money without cutting corners on comfort or quality.
Get Multiple Quotes
First things first: always get estimates from a few different HVAC companies. This is the single best way to ensure you’re getting a fair price for your project. When you compare quotes, you’re not just looking at the bottom line; you’re also getting a feel for each contractor’s approach, professionalism, and what’s included in their price. A detailed quote should break down the costs for equipment, labor, and any additional materials. This process helps you make a well-informed decision based on value, not just the lowest bid. You can even schedule a virtual Tele-Tech appointment to get an initial evaluation without an in-person visit.
Time Your Installation Wisely
Timing can have a surprising impact on your installation cost. HVAC contractors are busiest during the peak of summer and the dead of winter when systems are most likely to fail. If you can, schedule your installation during the milder “shoulder seasons” of spring and fall. Demand is lower, which can sometimes lead to more competitive pricing and flexible scheduling. If you’re building a new home or planning a major renovation, that’s the ideal time to install ductwork. It’s much easier and more affordable for technicians to work when walls are open, and there are no obstacles to work around.
Look for Rebates and Tax Credits
Don’t leave free money on the table. Installing a new, energy-efficient HVAC system might qualify you for federal tax credits or local utility rebates. These incentives are designed to encourage homeowners to choose high-efficiency models that reduce energy consumption. The savings can be significant, often shaving hundreds or even thousands of dollars off your total cost. A knowledgeable HVAC contractor can help you identify which systems qualify for these programs. You can also check for available rebates in your area to see what you might be eligible for before you even get a quote.
Explore Financing Options
Even with savings, a new HVAC system is a significant upfront expense. If paying in full isn’t feasible, look into financing options. Many HVAC companies partner with lenders to offer flexible payment plans that allow you to spread the cost over time. This can make a high-efficiency system much more accessible. Additionally, some local utility companies and government programs offer financial assistance or low-interest loans for energy-efficient upgrades. Be sure to ask your contractor what financing they offer and if they’re aware of any local programs that could help you manage the cost of your new residential HVAC system.
What Should You Look for in an HVAC Contractor?
Choosing the right HVAC system is a big decision, but picking the right person to install it is just as critical. The quality of the installation directly impacts your new system’s efficiency, performance, and lifespan. A great contractor ensures everything is sized, connected, and calibrated correctly, giving you peace of mind and reliable comfort for years to come. A poor installation, on the other hand, can lead to a cascade of problems, including high energy bills, frequent breakdowns, uneven heating or cooling, and a system that never quite works as it should. It can even void your manufacturer’s warranty, leaving you on the hook for expensive repairs.
So, how do you separate the experts from the amateurs? It comes down to looking for a few key qualifications that signal professionalism and reliability. A professional contractor won’t just give you a quote; they’ll provide proof of their credibility, experience, and commitment to quality work. They’ll take the time to understand your specific needs, whether you’re a homeowner or managing a large commercial facility. Before you sign any contract, make sure your chosen HVAC partner checks all the right boxes. This due diligence is the best way to protect your investment and ensure your home or business stays comfortable and safe for years to come.
Proper Licensing and Insurance
First things first: never hire a contractor who isn’t licensed and insured. This is the absolute baseline for any professional you allow to work in your home or business. Proper licensing proves the contractor has met state and local requirements for knowledge and competency. Insurance, including liability and worker’s compensation, protects you from being held financially responsible for any accidents or property damage that might happen during the installation. A reputable company will always be able to provide you with proof of their credentials. When you hire an HVAC contractor, you should always confirm they are properly licensed and insured to ensure they meet all local regulations and that you are protected from liability.
Proven Experience and Specialization
HVAC isn’t a one-size-fits-all field. The needs of a single-family home are vastly different from those of a large commercial or industrial facility. That’s why it’s so important to find a contractor with a proven track record in the specific type of work you need done. Ask about their experience with systems like yours, whether it’s a residential heat pump or a complex commercial refrigeration unit. Experienced technicians understand the unique challenges of different environments and are better equipped to handle any surprises that come up during installation. They can provide higher-quality work because they know the nuances of each system inside and out.
Clear Warranties and Service Agreements
A confident contractor stands behind their work. Before agreeing to an installation, make sure you receive and understand the warranties that come with both the equipment and the labor. A solid warranty protects you if a part fails or an installation error causes problems down the road. Many top-tier contractors also offer service maintenance programs to keep your new system running efficiently. A reputable professional should always offer clear warranties on their work and service agreements that plainly state what is covered. This transparency is a hallmark of a trustworthy company and ensures you’re protected from future issues.
Positive Customer Reviews and References
In the age of information, a company’s reputation is easy to find. Before making a decision, take a few minutes to look up a contractor’s online reviews on sites like Google or Yelp. While a single negative review isn’t necessarily a deal-breaker, a pattern of unhappy customers is a major red flag. You can also ask the contractor for references from past clients with similar projects. Checking for positive customer reviews and speaking with references gives you real-world insight into the company’s professionalism, communication, and quality of service. A contractor with a long list of satisfied customers is far more likely to deliver the results you expect.
Does a High-Efficiency System Really Save You Money?
When you’re looking at the price tag for a new HVAC system, it’s easy to gravitate toward the lower-cost options. High-efficiency units often come with a higher initial investment, which can make anyone pause. But does that upfront cost translate to real, long-term savings? The short answer is a resounding yes. Upgrading to a high-efficiency HVAC unit can greatly lower your energy costs over the life of the system, often paying for the initial price difference and then some.
Think of it as an investment in your home’s financial health. An older, inefficient system works much harder to heat and cool your space, which means it burns through more electricity or fuel every month. This is reflected in your utility bills. A modern, energy-efficient model does the same job using a fraction of the energy. The savings start adding up from the very first month and continue for years. It’s not just about spending less; it’s about getting smarter with your energy consumption and making your home more comfortable and affordable to run.
What SEER and AFUE Ratings Mean for You
When you start comparing HVAC systems, you’ll see a lot of acronyms, but two of the most important are SEER and AFUE. Think of them as the miles-per-gallon sticker on a car—they tell you exactly how efficient the machine is. The most energy-efficient HVAC systems typically use high SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) and AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) ratings.
SEER measures your air conditioner’s cooling efficiency. The higher the SEER rating, the more energy-efficient the unit is, which means lower electricity bills during those hot North Carolina summers. For heating, you’ll look at the AFUE, or Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency, rating. This tells you what percentage of fuel your furnace converts into usable heat. A higher AFUE means less fuel is wasted.
Calculating Your Potential Monthly Savings
Pinpointing the exact dollar amount you’ll save each month is tricky without a full home assessment, but the potential is significant. Investing in a more efficient HVAC system leads to lower utility expenses and reduced energy use. If you’re replacing a unit that’s over 10 years old, its SEER rating could be as low as 8 or 10. Upgrading to a modern system with a SEER rating of 16 or higher could cut your cooling costs nearly in half.
To get a clearer picture of your potential savings, our team can evaluate your current system, your home’s insulation, and your typical energy usage. We can then recommend a residential HVAC system that fits your home and budget, giving you a more precise estimate of your monthly savings.
Is a High-Efficiency System Worth the Investment?
Beyond the monthly utility savings, a high-efficiency system offers value in other important ways. Investing in an energy-efficient HVAC system not only saves money in the short term but can also increase your home’s resale value in the long run. Today’s homebuyers are savvy, and an efficient, modern HVAC system is a major selling point.
Plus, these systems are built to last. To get the most out of your investment, regular professional maintenance is key. It improves energy efficiency and prolongs the life of your equipment, reducing the likelihood of costly, unexpected repairs. Our service maintenance programs are designed to keep your high-efficiency system running at peak performance, protecting your investment for years to come.
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Frequently Asked Questions
So, what’s a realistic total cost for a new HVAC system with all-new ductwork? When you combine the two biggest expenses, the final price can vary quite a bit. For a typical mid-sized home needing a 3-ton system, you might see a unit cost of around $9,500 to $13,500. Adding new ductwork for that same system could contribute another $6,000 to $9,000. This puts a rough total project estimate in the range of $15,500 to $22,500. Remember, this is a general ballpark figure, and the final number will depend on your home’s specific layout and the system you choose.
Why can’t I get a firm price quote over the phone? A simple phone call can’t account for the unique details of your home. The final cost depends on factors like your home’s square footage, layout, insulation quality, and the condition of your current electrical system. A reputable contractor needs to see the space to perform a proper load calculation and assess the complexity of the installation. This on-site evaluation ensures the quote is accurate and that you get a system that’s perfectly sized for your home, preventing surprise costs and performance issues down the line.
Is it really worth paying more for a high-efficiency system? Yes, in most cases, it’s a smart long-term investment. While a high-efficiency unit has a higher initial price, it uses significantly less energy to heat and cool your home. This translates directly into lower monthly utility bills. Over the lifespan of the system, these monthly savings can often add up to more than the initial price difference, meaning the system effectively pays for itself and continues to save you money.
How can I tell if my old ductwork is okay to use with a new system? A professional inspection is the only way to know for sure, but there are some red flags you can look for. If you notice excessive dust, uneven temperatures between rooms, or strange noises from your walls, your ducts might be in bad shape. Other signs include visible mold, tangled or crushed sections, and ducts that are over 15 years old. If your ducts are in good condition, a simple sealing and cleaning might be all you need.
Besides the system and ducts, what other costs should I plan for? It’s wise to budget for a few potential extras. If you live in an older home, you might need minor electrical upgrades to support a modern HVAC unit. Most installations also require local permits and inspections, which come with a fee. Finally, this is the perfect time to upgrade to a smart thermostat, which can add to the initial cost but improves both convenience and efficiency.